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The Differences Between Autism and ASD You Didn’t Know About

By April 25, 2025No Comments

The Differences Between Autism and ASD You Didn’t Know About

autism and asd difference

Key Points:

  • The terms “autism” and “ASD” are often used interchangeably, but ASD is the current medical diagnosis that includes all autism subtypes.
  • Understanding the shift from older labels like Asperger’s to the umbrella term ASD helps clarify diagnosis and treatment.
  • Clear terminology can guide parents in navigating support services and interventions like ABA therapy.

Hearing different terms like autism, ASD, and Asperger’s can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re just starting to seek answers. You’re not alone in wondering what each means. Learning how these terms have changed over time can bring much-needed clarity as you begin exploring autism diagnosis, services, and what comes next for your child.

Autism vs ASD: What Sets Them Apart?

There is no difference in meaning between autism and ASD today. ASD, or Autism Spectrum Disorder, is the official medical term used in diagnoses, and it includes what was previously referred to as autism, Asperger’s syndrome, and other pervasive developmental disorders.

Autism is still commonly used in everyday language. However, ASD is the term adopted by the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) to describe a single, broad diagnosis that captures a range of characteristics and support needs.

Why Did the Terminology Change

The shift in terminology happened to improve clarity and diagnostic consistency. Before 2013, children might have been diagnosed with several different disorders under the broader category of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). These included:

  • Autistic Disorder
  • Asperger’s Syndrome
  • PDD-NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)
  • Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Each had slightly different criteria, but symptoms often overlapped. This inconsistency made treatment planning and research more difficult. The DSM-5 replaced these categories with Autism Spectrum Disorder, recognizing that autism is a spectrum with varying traits and levels of need.

Now, instead of separate diagnoses, ASD includes:

  • Different levels of support needs (Level 1 to Level 3)
  • A wide range of communication, social, and behavioral profiles
  • Co-occurring conditions like ADHD, anxiety, or sensory processing challenges

This unified diagnosis helps professionals better describe and treat the full range of experiences within the spectrum.

autism and asd difference (2)How Do Professionals Use These Terms Today

In clinical practice, ASD is the official diagnosis, while “autism” remains widely used in everyday conversations. Professionals may say a child is “on the autism spectrum” or “has autism,” but what they mean is that the child meets the criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Here’s how the terms are used in different contexts:

  • Medical/Diagnostic Reports: Use “ASD” or “Autism Spectrum Disorder”
  • Therapists/Educators: Often use both “autism” and “ASD” interchangeably
  • Parent Communities: Tend to use “autism” more casually, often referring to themselves or loved ones as “autistic” or “on the spectrum”

It’s helpful for families to understand that while the language may vary, they all refer to the same overarching condition.

The Debate Over Subtypes of Autism Under ASD

While the DSM-5 removed the formal subtypes, many people still identify with terms like Asperger’s or high-functioning autism. These descriptions can be meaningful, but they are not recognized as separate diagnoses anymore.

Instead, clinicians describe a child’s profile through:

  • Support levels (Level 1: requires support, Level 2: substantial support, Level 3: very substantial support)
  • Language abilities
  • Cognitive strengths or challenges
  • Sensory processing differences
  • Presence of co-occurring conditions

This approach allows for more individualized care without boxing a child into a narrow label. It also promotes flexibility in designing support plans.

autism and asd difference (1)How Does Understanding the Autism and ASD Difference Help Parents

When parents are clear about what ASD includes and how it’s diagnosed, they’re better equipped to make informed decisions. This clarity can help with:

  • Navigating evaluations and paperwork
  • Choosing appropriate therapies
  • Understanding educational services like IEPs
  • Finding community resources and support groups

Knowing that autism and ASD refer to the same condition—just in different terms—can also reduce confusion when reading medical reports or speaking with various professionals.

How Has the Definition of Autism Evolved Over Time

Autism was first described in the 1940s, but our understanding has expanded significantly since then. Early models viewed autism as rare and mostly affecting boys with severe language delays. Today, we know that autism affects people of all backgrounds, genders, and intellectual abilities.

Key changes over time include:

  • Moving from separate subtypes to one spectrum diagnosis
  • Recognizing co-occurring conditions like ADHD and anxiety
  • Appreciating neurodiversity, which highlights the strengths and unique perspectives of autistic individuals
  • Developing more individualized therapy approaches rather than assuming a one-size-fits-all treatment

This evolution has allowed for better support and a broader, more inclusive understanding of autism. To dive deeper into this topic and uncover more insights, check out our article “Interesting Facts About Autism Spectrum Disorder You Should Know“ for a closer look at the latest developments and key facts about autism.

What Therapies Help Children With ASD Thrive

Regardless of how the condition is labeled, the most important thing is early, effective support. One of the most widely used and research-backed therapies is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). ABA therapy focuses on teaching essential skills in areas such as communication, self-care, social behavior, and emotional regulation.

Other therapies often used alongside ABA include:

  • Speech and Language Therapy: For improving communication.
  • Occupational Therapy: For developing fine motor skills and managing sensory challenges.
  • Social Skills Training: Often delivered in group settings or one-on-one.
  • Parent Coaching: To ensure strategies are reinforced at home.

These therapies are most effective when tailored to a child’s specific strengths and challenges—not just their diagnostic label.

Take the Next Step With ABA Therapy in Maryland

Understanding the difference between autism and ASD is just the first step. The real impact happens when support begins early, and therapy is tailored to the child’s unique needs. At Crown ABA, we offer customized ABA therapy programs in Maryland for children with autism, helping families build skills, routines, and confidence.

Whether your child is newly diagnosed or has been on the spectrum for some time, we’re here to help them grow, connect, and thrive. Our compassionate team works closely with families to create structured, meaningful progress through evidence-based interventions.

Let Crown ABA support your family’s journey with expert ABA therapy rooted in understanding, not just labels. Reach out today to learn how early and effective intervention can make a lasting difference.